nkhani

Kuchuluka kwa thupi monga kutuluka kwamadzimadzi, kutentha, kuthamanga ndi mlingo wamadzimadzi ndizofunika kwambiri pakupanga mankhwala ndi kuyesa, ndipo kulamulira mtengo wazinthu zakuthupi izi ndi njira yofunikira yoyendetsera kupanga mankhwala ndi kafukufuku woyesera. Choncho, magawowa ayenera kuyesedwa molondola kuti adziwe momwe madzi amagwirira ntchito. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera magawowa amadziwika kuti ndi zida zoyezera mankhwala. Kaya kusankha kapena kupanga, kuti tigwiritse ntchito bwino zida zoyezera, tiyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira cha zida zoyezera. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zida zoyezera mankhwala. Mutuwu ukuwonetsa zambiri za zida zoyezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu labotale yamankhwala ndi kupanga mankhwala.

Chida choyezera mankhwala chimakhala ndi magawo atatu: kuzindikira (kuphatikiza kufalitsa), kufalitsa ndi kuwonetsa. Gawo lodziwikiratu limalumikizana mwachindunji ndi sing'anga yomwe yapezeka, ndipo imasintha mafunde oyezera, kutentha, msinkhu ndi kupanikizika muzitsulo zojambulidwa mosavuta, monga mphamvu zamakina, zizindikiro zamagetsi, malinga ndi mfundo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito; gawo lopatsirana limangotumiza mphamvu zamawu; gawo lowonetsera limatembenuza zizindikiro za thupi zomwe zimasamutsidwa kukhala zizindikiro zowerengeka, ndipo mafomu owonetsera odziwika amaphatikizapo zolemba, ndi zina zotero. Malingana ndi zosowa zosiyana, zigawo zitatu zoyambirira zowunikira, kutumiza ndi kuwonetsera zikhoza kuphatikizidwa mu chida chimodzi kapena kumwazikana mu zida zingapo. Pamene chipinda chowongolera chikugwira ntchito pazida zam'munda, gawo lodziwikiratu lili m'munda, gawo lowonetsera lili mu chipinda chowongolera, ndipo gawo lopatsirana lili pakati pa ziwirizi.

Kuyeza ndi kulondola kwa chida chosankhidwa chiyenera kuganiziridwa posankha chida chosankhidwa kuti chipewe chachikulu kapena chochepa kwambiri.